CA/CS/CMA Foundation — Cheatsheets

Three institutes quick reference

Institute	Qualification	Later specialization

|---|---|---|

ICAI	Chartered Accountant (CA)	Audit, taxation, financial advisory
ICSI	Company Secretary (CS)	Corporate governance, compliance
ICMAI	Cost and Management Accountant (CMA)	Cost/management accounting

(needs verification — recheck against current source: exam structures periodically revised by each institute.)

Subject	Covered in depth at

|---|---|

Accounting	This academy's Financial Accounting technology
Business/Commercial Law	This technology (Intermediate)
Quantitative Aptitude	This technology (Advanced)
Economics	This academy's Economics academy (Micro/Macro)

Element	Meaning

|---|---|

Offer and acceptance	One party proposes, other accepts
Consideration	Something of value exchanged
Capacity	Legally competent parties (sound mind, legal age)
Free consent	No coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake

Property	Void	Voidable

|---|---|---|

Legal effect	None from outset	Valid until canceled
Enforcement option	Neither party can enforce	Aggrieved party may enforce or void
Example cause	Agreement with a minor (no capacity)	Agreement under coercion (no free consent)

Concept	Meaning

|---|---|

Separate legal personality	Company is a distinct legal entity from shareholders
Limited liability	Shareholder exposure limited to their investment

Area	Relevance

|---|---|

Ratio and proportion	Connects to Financial Accounting's ratio analysis
Time value of money	Foundation for all later-level finance/valuation material
Permutations, combinations, probability	Quantitative reasoning skills
Statistics	Central tendency, dispersion, correlation

Step	Approach

|---|---|

1	Master shared core (accounting, law, quant, economics) once
2	Layer institute-specific paper structure/emphasis on top
3	Choose specialization path (CA/CS/CMA) before Intermediate level divergence