Signs — ALL of these:
  ✗ Unresponsive to shaking and shouting
  ✗ Not breathing normally (no breathing, or only gasping/agonal breathing)
  ✗ No normal movement
  
Do NOT waste time checking pulse — even trained professionals
do this unreliably under stress. If unconscious + not breathing normally → start CPR

Step 1: Call for help
  In India: 108 (National Emergency Medical Service)
           112 (National Emergency Number)
  Ask someone specific: "You in the blue shirt — call 108 now"
  (Bystander effect: "Someone" often means no one does it)

Step 2: Position
  Lay person flat on their back on firm surface
  Kneel beside their chest

Step 3: Hand position
  Heel of hand on CENTER of chest (lower half of breastbone/sternum)
  Other hand on top, fingers interlocked
  Arms straight, directly over chest

Step 4: Push HARD and FAST
  Rate: 100-120 compressions per minute
    (To the beat of "Stayin' Alive" by Bee Gees — this is not a joke, 
     it's actually used in CPR training)
  Depth: At least 5-6cm (this is deeper than people expect — push hard)
  Allow full chest recoil after each compression (don't lean on chest)
  
Step 5: Don't stop
  Continue until: Emergency services arrive and take over
                  AED available and ready to use
                  Person shows obvious signs of life
                  You are physically unable to continue

For trained rescuers — add rescue breaths (30:2 ratio):
  30 compressions → 2 breaths
  Tilt head, lift chin → seal around mouth → blow until chest rises

Mild choking (can cough, speak, breathe):
  Encourage forceful coughing — don't interfere
  Stay with them, watch carefully

Severe choking (cannot cough effectively, cannot speak, turns blue):
  5 back blows:
    Stand to the side and slightly behind
    Support chest with one hand
    Give 5 sharp blows between shoulder blades with heel of hand
  
  5 abdominal thrusts (Heimlich manoeuvre):
    Stand behind them, make fist with thumb side against abdomen
    Just above navel, well below breastbone
    Cover fist with other hand
    Give 5 quick inward-and-upward thrusts
  
  Alternate 5 back blows + 5 abdominal thrusts until:
    Object dislodged
    Person becomes unconscious → start CPR

If person goes unconscious:
  Lower carefully to ground, call for help
  Start CPR — chest compressions may expel object
  Look in mouth before rescue breaths — remove visible objects only

Never use abdominal thrusts on infants — can cause internal injury

5 back blows:
  Hold infant face down on your forearm, head lower than chest
  Support head and neck with your hand
  Give 5 firm back blows between shoulder blades with heel of hand

5 chest thrusts:
  Turn infant face up on your forearm
  2 fingers on centre of chest, just below nipple line
  Give 5 quick downward chest thrusts

Alternate until object dislodged or infant becomes unresponsive
If unresponsive → infant CPR + call 108

Classification (DO NOT categorise by degree during first aid):
  Surface burns: Red, painful, no blisters
  Deeper burns: Blistered, very painful
  Deep burns: White/brown/black, may be painless (nerve damage)
  
Seek immediate medical help:
  Burns on face, hands, feet, genitals, or joints
  Burns larger than 3 inches diameter
  Any deep burn
  Burns from electricity or chemicals
  Infant or elderly patient

First aid:
  ✓ Cool running water for 20 minutes — start within 3 hours
    Water temperature: Cool, not cold (10-25°C)
    This is the single most important intervention
  ✓ Remove jewellery/tight clothing near burn (before swelling)
  ✓ Cover loosely with sterile non-fluffy material (cling film ideal)
  
  ✗ NO ice or ice water (causes frostbite on damaged skin)
  ✗ NO toothpaste, butter, oil, egg, aloe vera at this stage
    (Infection risk, retains heat, makes clinical assessment harder)
  ✗ Do NOT burst blisters (protective covering, infection risk if broken)
  ✗ Do NOT peel off clothing stuck to skin

For most wounds — Direct Pressure:
  Apply firm, direct pressure with clean cloth/bandage
  Press continuously for 10-15 minutes without lifting to check
    (Lifting restarts the clotting process)
  If cloth soaks through: Add more cloth on top, don't remove original
  Elevate limb above heart if possible

Life-threatening bleeding (from limb):
  Tourniquet — apply if direct pressure not controlling bleeding
  Apply 5-7cm above wound (not on joint)
  Tighten until bleeding stops — record time of application
  Do not remove — leave for medical professionals
  Modern guidance: Better to use tourniquet early than lose life

Nose bleed:
  Lean FORWARD (not back — blood goes down throat, can cause vomiting)
  Pinch soft part of nose (not the bony bridge)
  Hold for 10-15 continuous minutes
  Apply cold pack to bridge of nose
  Seek care if: Doesn't stop after 20 minutes, after head injury,
                very heavy bleeding, on blood thinners

Internal bleeding (suspect after significant trauma):
  Signs: Abdominal pain, bruising, blood in urine/stool/vomit
  Keep warm, lay flat with legs elevated if no spinal injury
  DO NOT give food or water — may need surgery
  Immediate emergency services

RICE for sprains and soft tissue injuries:
  Rest: Stop using injured part
  Ice: 20 minutes every 2-3 hours for first 48 hours
       (Never ice directly on skin — cloth between ice and skin)
  Compression: Elastic bandage, not too tight (check circulation)
  Elevation: Raise above heart level

Suspected fracture:
  Signs: Deformity, severe pain, swelling, inability to use limb
  Splint before moving: Immobilize the joints above AND below fracture
    Improvise with: sticks, rolled newspaper, umbrella
    Pad the splint for comfort, secure with bandages/cloth
  Don't try to straighten or realign bones
  Keep person warm and calm (shock prevention)

Spinal injury (after any significant fall or vehicle accident):
  If you suspect spinal injury: DO NOT move the person unless immediate life threat
  Hold head still in the position found
  Wait for professional help
  Only move if: fire, water, person is not breathing

General:
  Identify: What was taken, how much, when
  Call 1800-11-6117 (Poison Control India) or 108 emergency
  
  ✗ DO NOT induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by poison control
    (For corrosive substances, causes more damage on way back up)
  ✗ DO NOT give food, drink, or milk unless instructed
  
Swallowed poison:
  Remove from source, keep calm
  Bring container/packaging to hospital
  
Chemical splash in eyes:
  Immediately irrigate with large amounts of clean water for 20+ minutes
  Remove contact lenses quickly if possible
  Keep eyelids open — natural instinct is to close them
  
Snake bite:
  Immobilize the bitten limb, keep below heart level
  Remove jewellery near bite (before swelling)
  Mark the edge of swelling with pen and note time
  Transport immediately to hospital — don't walk if possible
  
  ✗ Do NOT cut and suck the venom
  ✗ Do NOT apply tourniquet
  ✗ Do NOT apply ice
  ✗ Do NOT give alcohol
  Photo of snake helpful for identification — don't try to catch it

Heat Exhaustion (less serious):
  Heavy sweating, pale/clammy skin
  Weakness, dizziness, nausea, headache
  Body temperature normal or mildly elevated
  Treatment: Move to cool place, remove excess clothing,
             sip cool water, cool damp cloths

Heat Stroke (MEDICAL EMERGENCY):
  Confusion, altered mental status — KEY DIFFERENCE
  May stop sweating (skin hot and dry)
  Body temperature above 40°C
  Can be unconscious
  Treatment: AGGRESSIVE COOLING IMMEDIATELY
             Remove excess clothing
             Ice packs/cold packs to neck, armpits, groin
             Cool water + fan if available
             Call 108 while cooling
             This is minutes-critical — do not wait to see if improves

Heart Attack:
  Symptoms: Chest pain/pressure (may radiate to arm, jaw, back)
            Shortness of breath, sweating, nausea
            Note: Women more often have atypical symptoms (fatigue, nausea)
  Action: Call 108 immediately
          Give aspirin (300mg) if not allergic and available
          Loosen tight clothing, have person rest
          Be ready to perform CPR if they collapse

Stroke (FAST mnemonic):
  F: Face drooping — Ask to smile, is it uneven?
  A: Arm weakness — Ask to raise both arms, does one drift down?
  S: Speech difficulty — Slurred, strange, or can't speak?
  T: Time to call 108 immediately
  
  "Time is brain" — every minute of stroke = 1.9 million neurons die
  Note TIME of first symptoms (treatment window is 4.5 hours)

Diabetic Emergency:
  Hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar) — More immediately dangerous:
    Signs: Shaking, sweating, confusion, pale, rapid heartbeat
    If conscious: Give sugar immediately (glucose tablets, juice, candy, sugar water)
    If unconscious: Do NOT put anything in mouth — call 108
    
  Hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar):
    Signs: Excessive thirst, frequent urination, fruity breath, confusion
    Less immediately life-threatening than hypo
    Encourage water, check blood sugar, seek medical care

Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction):
  Signs: Swelling of throat, difficulty breathing, hives, low blood pressure
  Action: Epinephrine auto-injector (EpiPen) if available — outer thigh
          Call 108 immediately
          Lay flat, elevate legs (unless breathing difficulty — sit up)
          Be ready to perform CPR

Essential items:
  □ Adhesive bandages (multiple sizes)
  □ Sterile gauze pads and bandage rolls
  □ Elastic bandage (for sprains)
  □ Medical tape
  □ Disposable gloves (2+ pairs)
  □ Antiseptic wipes / Betadine
  □ Scissors (blunt-ended)
  □ Tweezers
  □ Digital thermometer
  □ Oral rehydration salt (ORS) packets
  □ Paracetamol/Acetaminophen
  □ Antacid
  □ Antihistamine (cetirizine)
  □ Cold pack (instant, single-use)

Store in: Clearly labelled waterproof container
Location: Known to all family members, accessible
Check:    Expiry dates every 6 months

National Emergency: 112 (connects to nearest police/fire/ambulance)
Ambulance:          108 (in most states)
Fire:               101
Police:             100
Women Helpline:     1091
Child Helpline:     1098
Disaster Mgmt:      1078
Poison Control:     1800-11-6117 (toll-free)

SAVE THESE IN YOUR PHONE NOW.
Also save: Nearest hospital emergency number
           A family member's doctor's number