ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS (15% weightage):
  Linear Algebra: matrices, eigenvalues, systems of equations
  Calculus: limits, continuity, differentiation, integration, series
  Differential Equations: first-order, higher-order, Laplace transforms
  Complex Analysis: analytic functions, Cauchy's theorem, residues
  Probability: distributions (binomial, Poisson, normal), expectation, variance

NETWORKS (10% weightage):
  KCL and KVL | Thevenin and Norton equivalents
  Superposition, source transformation
  Transient analysis: RL, RC, RLC circuits
  Steady-state AC: phasors, impedance, resonance, power factor
  Two-port networks: z, y, h, ABCD parameters

ELECTRONIC DEVICES (10% weightage):
  Energy bands, carriers, drift/diffusion
  PN junction: I-V characteristics, breakdown, capacitance
  BJT: biasing, small signal model (hybrid-pi), CE/CB/CC configurations
  MOSFET: NMOS/PMOS, threshold voltage, drain characteristics, small signal model

ANALOG CIRCUITS (10% weightage):
  Op-amp characteristics: virtual ground, feedback, stability
  Inverting/non-inverting/summing/differential amplifiers
  Active filters: low pass, high pass, band pass using op-amps
  Oscillators: Wein bridge, Hartley, Colpitts, crystal
  Diode circuits: clipper, clamper, rectifier, voltage regulator (Zener)

DIGITAL CIRCUITS (10% weightage):
  Boolean algebra: minimisation (K-map, Quine-McCluskey)
  Combinational: gates, MUX, DEMUX, encoders, decoders, adders
  Sequential: latches (SR, D), flip-flops (JK, T), counters, shift registers
  ADC and DAC: types, resolution, speed tradeoffs
  Memory: RAM (SRAM, DRAM), ROM, flash types

CONTROL SYSTEMS (10% weightage):
  Transfer function, block diagram, signal flow graph (Mason's rule)
  Time response: first and second order, step response, specifications
  Stability: Routh-Hurwitz, Nyquist, Bode plot, gain margin, phase margin
  Root locus: construction rules, PID control design

COMMUNICATIONS (10% weightage):
  Amplitude modulation: DSB-SC, SSB, VSB, AM — bandwidth and power
  Frequency modulation: FM, PM, Bessel functions, Carson's rule
  Sampling: Nyquist rate, aliasing, reconstruction
  Digital communications: PCM, quantisation noise, line codes
  Noise in analog/digital: SNR, AWGN, BER formulas

ELECTROMAGNETICS (10% weightage):
  Electrostatics: Coulomb, Gauss, potential, energy, capacitance
  Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart, Ampere, inductance
  Maxwell's equations: differential and integral form
  Wave propagation: plane waves, skin effect, Poynting vector
  Transmission lines: standing waves, VSWR, Smith chart (basics)

SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS (10% weightage):
  Classification: linear, time-invariant, causal, stable
  Fourier series: coefficients, properties, Parseval's theorem
  Fourier transform: properties, convolution, correlation
  Laplace transform: ROC, initial/final value theorem
  Z-transform: ROC, inverse, sampling theorem