GS Paper 1 (200 marks, 2 hours):
  - History of India and Indian National Movement
  - Indian and World Geography  
  - Indian Polity and Governance
  - Economic and Social Development
  - General Issues on Environment
  - General Science
  - Current Affairs (last 12-18 months)

CSAT Paper 2 (200 marks, qualifying — need 33%):
  - Comprehension, Interpersonal skills
  - Logical reasoning, Analytical ability
  - Decision making, Mental ability
  - Basic numeracy (10th level maths)

2-hour negative marking: -0.66 per wrong answer
Cut-off 2023: ~95-110/200 for GS Paper 1

Indian Polity (18-22 questions):
  Constitution: Preamble, Fundamental Rights (Part III)
  DPSPs (Part IV), Fundamental Duties
  Parliament: Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, Sessions
  President: Powers, Election, Impeachment
  Supreme Court: Jurisdiction, PIL, Judicial Review
  Governor: Role, Powers, Discretionary powers
  Constitutional Amendments: Key amendments (42nd, 44th, 73rd, 74th)
  Important articles: 12-35 (FR), 52-78 (Executive), 79-122 (Parliament)

History (18-22 questions):
  Ancient: Indus Valley, Vedic period, Maurya, Gupta empires
  Medieval: Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Bhakti movement
  Modern: 1857, Moderate-Extremist phase, Gandhi's movements
  Social reform movements: Brahmo Samaj, Arya Samaj, etc.

Geography (16-20 questions):
  Physical: Himalayas, Rivers, Climate, Soils, Natural vegetation
  India map: states, capitals, major rivers, passes
  World: Continents, Oceans, Major geographical features

Economy (12-16 questions):
  Basic concepts: GDP, GNP, NNP, GDP deflator
  Budget: Revenue/Capital accounts, fiscal deficit
  Banking: RBI functions, CRR, SLR, Repo rate
  International: WTO, IMF, World Bank, BRICS

Environment (10-14 questions):
  Climate change, biodiversity, ecosystems
  International conventions: Kyoto, Paris, CBD, CITES
  Protected areas in India
  Pollution types and effects