E&M CODES (most frequently used in outpatient):
  Office/Outpatient New Patient:      99202-99205
  Office/Outpatient Established:      99211-99215
  Hospital Initial:                   99221-99223
  Hospital Subsequent:                99231-99233
  Hospital Discharge:                 99238-99239
  Emergency Department:               99281-99285
  Nursing Facility Initial:           99304-99306
  Nursing Facility Subsequent:        99307-99310

2021+ OFFICE E&M LEVEL SELECTION:
  Use MDM OR total time (whichever supports the level)

  MDM TABLE:
  Level        Problems              Data              Risk
  99202/12     Straightforward       Minimal/none      Minimal
  99203/13     Low complexity        Limited           Low
  99204/14     Moderate complexity   Moderate          Moderate
  99205/15     High complexity       Extensive         High

  RISK EXAMPLES:
  Minimal: self-limited condition
  Low: OTC drugs, minor surgery without risk factors
  Moderate: prescription drug management, minor surgery with risk
  High: drug requiring intensive monitoring, major surgery, hospitalization

GLOBAL SURGICAL PACKAGE includes:
  Pre-op: visit day before or day of surgery
  Intra-op: the surgical procedure itself
  Post-op: follow-up visits during global period
    0-day global: same day only
    10-day global: 10 days post-procedure
    90-day global: 90 days post-procedure

MODIFIERS FOR SURGERY:
  -22: Increased procedural service (add documentation)
  -47: Anesthesia by surgeon (unusual)
  -50: Bilateral procedure (affects reimbursement)
  -51: Multiple procedures (list highest RVU first)
  -52: Reduced service
  -53: Discontinued procedure
  -54: Surgical care only (split care)
  -55: Post-operative management only
  -58: Staged or related procedure within global
  -62: Two surgeons (co-surgery)
  -78: Return to OR for related complication
  -80: Assistant surgeon

ANESTHESIA CODING:
  Base units + time units + qualifying circumstances
  ASA code range: 00100-01999
  Time: 1 unit per 15 minutes typically
  Modifiers: P1-P6 (physical status)

RADIOLOGY (70000-79999):
  Professional component (26): physician interpretation
  Technical component (TC): equipment and technician
  Global: both combined (default if no modifier)

  X-ray: 71045-71048 (chest), 73000-73140 (upper ext)
  CT scan: 70450-70553 (head/neck), 71250-71275 (chest)
  MRI: 70540-70559 (head/neck), 73220-73223 (shoulder)
  Ultrasound: 76700-76775 (abdomen/pelvis)
  Nuclear medicine: 78000-79999

LABORATORY (80000-89398):
  Panel codes: multiple tests ordered together
  80050: General health panel (includes metabolic + CBC)
  80053: Comprehensive metabolic panel (14 tests)
  85025: CBC with automated differential
  87491: Chlamydia test | 87591: Gonorrhea test
  Modifier 91: repeat clinical diagnostic lab test same day